Miles Glacier Station

Here’s one of my recent acquisitions – an old glass plate negative clearly showing the two-story station at the Miles Glacier Bridge.  There’s no information with the negative, but the busted windows show that the building hasn’t been used recently.  The lack of overgrowth and generally good alignment of the track structure, however, suggests that this was either very near the end, where trains were infrequent, or shortly after abandonment.

USGS photos in the mid-1950s show the building gone by that point, even though the track was still present.

The other key question would be why such a large structure?  No other CR&NW structure I’ve ever seen was a fully two stories.  The Chitina depot had a second floor, but the second floor was basically the usable portion of the attic under the roof and was thus significantly smaller than the main floor.  My only guess would be that this was a combination station and section house, unlike other locations where the station building and the section house were distinct structures.  Given the notoriously deep snows in the Copper River delta, it could be cut off for weeks at a time.  Also, having everything inside a single structure would be advantageous as you wouldn’t have to dig your way through 10-15 feet of snow to the tool shed, the kitchen, etc.

If anybody has more details about the Miles Glacier station, I’d love to hear them.

Abandoned Miles Glacier Station and bridge

Layout Update – More Work at Chitina

It’s been a while since I’ve had much time to work on the layout, but I decided after a mind-twisting week of meetings in Memphis it was time to get back to the basement and do some work.

Chitina is coming together.  So far, I’ve got the mainline, the front and back sidings, the enginehouse leads, the wye, and some of the industrial track down.  I spent most of yesterday and today doing the electrical work – extending power from the main electrical panel, installing track feeders and sub-buses, putting in block detectors and the auto-reverser, and starting the installation of some of the switch machines.  The track is pretty dirty, but at least it’s now all electrically hot (and held together with more than alligator clip leads).

Pictures later this week, I hope, along with an explanation of my Chitina and how it was derived from the historic version.

CR&NW Discussion Group

I’ve often found myself wondering about elements of the CR&NW’s history, and wishing there were some email list where I could interact with other folks interested in the line.  Many other railroads – current and historic – have fan and historian email lists, so I figured why not create one?

For those interested, I’ve created a Yahoo list – you can join here.

Upper Deck Mainline Complete

At 2232h tonight, Friday, June 12, 2015, I joined the rails of the upper deck mainline to the south Chitina control point switches.  That, folks, means the mainline rails are continuous all the way from the mine through the bottom of the helix, completing the upper deck mainline.

That’s not to say there’s not yet work to do.  I need to finish the yard tracks at McCarthy and Chitina.  I’m hoping to at least get part of Chitina done this weekend, depending on how much real life gets in the way.

Weekend Progress – Strelna

I didn’t make as much progress over the Easter weekend as I’d hoped (so, pretty much par for the course), but I did get the end of track moved forward as far as the south Strelna control point.  I also installed the first pieces of backdrop.

Strelna, A Very Brief History

Strelna, in reality, was a rather boring place.  The real station had a water tank located south of the mainline and west of the low trestle over Strelna Creek.  Near the tank base was a switch that lead to two spur tracks to the north-northwest, one ~530′ long, one 634′ long.  Just a bit past the spur switches was the east siding switch, a ~1350′ siding, and the west siding switch.  The station was a small – single level, probably two rooms given the freight door on the west end – and appears to have been situated between the siding and main near the east siding switch.  There was also what appears to be a motorcar shed to the south of the tracks, across from the station.

Strelna was often mentioned in the early days as the potential start of a branch line to the copper prospects to the north of town.  The major player was always the Hubbard-Elliott copper prospects, located about 16 miles north of Strelna and over the ridge on Elliott Creek. The Elliott Creek basin apparently did produce somewhat, with the ore begin hauled down to the railhead at Strelna, but I have so far been unable to find any production numbers.  Various sources mention both a surveying a 17.5 mile branch line and a 17-mile tramway linking the mines to the CR&NW’s mainline.  The branch would come in just west of Strelna, at a location sometimes designated “Elliott Junction”.

The Hubbard-Elliott claims never seem to have amounted to much despite their oft-touted prospects.  The concern was still reported in limited operation in the early 1920s, but beyond that there is little record.  I suspect either the claims were exaggerated, or the brutal weather, poor financial backing, and lack of transportation access doomed them.

There was also exploration and development work done on Nugget Creek, about an equal distance east-northeast of Strelna, near the headwaters of the Kuskulana.  Nugget Creek interested prospectors – and got its name – from a two ton native copper nugget found in the streambed.  However, exploration never produced much – a few hundred tons of ore at the most – and Nugget Creek was abandoned by 1916.

Strelna on the Layout

Strelna – the model version – got a bit of a redesign over the past week from what I originally drew in the plans. I wanted to reflect the possibility that the copper deposits were proven viable, probably by SX-EW extraction rather than traditional milling and concentration, but I didn’t want to model another fictional branch or have Strelna turned into more of a town.  Basically, I wanted it to remain as a decent size passing siding and a handful of industry tracks for inbound materials and outbound mine products, but little else.  Strelna just isn’t far enough from Chitina to justify any duplication.  Anything Chitina would provide – such as fuel oil, LPG, etc. – would just get trucked to Strelna.  Duplication of facilities wouldn’t make any sense.

The model version isn’t as unfaithful as it might seem at first.  I started with the prototype – a siding approximately 1350 feet in length, or roughly 8.5 feet in N scale, located on the north side of the mainline.  (North, in this case, is towards the aisle.)   The 8 ft siding fits perfectly with about the maximum size of ore trains I want to operate.  The siding, like all major sidings on my present-day CRNW, will be controlled via CTC.  I plan to place a set of culverts just past the north siding switch to cross Strelna Creek, and put concrete tank footers up close to the culverts to mark where the tank used to live.

strelna-trackdiagram

The prototype of Strelna had two short spurs north/east of what I’m referring to as the “north siding switch”.  These were likely used as tracks to set out supplies for the mining concerns to the north and northeast, as well as for the hotel at Strelna (which burned in the late 1920s).  I’ve decided to move them halfway down the siding and expand them to support a theoretical producing mine based around the idea of the Hubbard-Elliott properties being developed, though on a much later timeline than Kennecott.

Given that I don’t want to model another entire mine complex, I’m going with the idea that the “new Hubbard-Elliott mine” is mostly solvent extraction, and therefore doesn’t load out concentrate or raw ore.  It only loads out copper cathodes, which will be transferred – truck to boxcar – at a facility on the “loading track” spur.  As far as inbound loads, most will be extraction chemicals (primarily sulfuric for running the SX-EW leaching process), blasting agents, and fuel.  The occasional load of heavy equipment or construction supplies would be completely reasonable as well.  These will go into the two offload tracks, where they’ll be transferred to trucks for the return journey to the mine.

The pictures aren’t the most current – I took these two weekends ago.  Since then I’ve finished the Strelna spurs and started wiring the whole mess, which involved putting a double-wide electrical panel under the south siding switch area.

Searchlights!

The real CR&NW was completely timetable & train order operations, with no block signals of any kind.  There’s a lone, uncredited reference in Wikipedia about the CR&NW having at least one “wigwag” crossing signal, but I’ve never seen any evidence to support this.  Given the limited number of trains operated and the generally poor condition of local roads at the time, I sincerely doubt that the CR&NW ever had a single circuit for anything.  At least as of 1920, this is confirmed by the ICC’s “Annual Report on the Statistics of Railways in the United States”, where the CR&NW has nothing under the cost line items for “Signals & Interlockers” and “Signals & Interlockers – Depreciation”, and “Crossing Protection”.  There’s the possibility of them coming later, but I still doubt it.  (I would love to be proven wrong, however.  Anyone?)

Update (Oct 16, 2017):  Turns out, I’ve been indeed proven wrong!  See Robert Hilton’s comment below.  There’s a photo in an old Magnetic Signal Company catalog of an overhead, lower quadrant wig-wag in Cordova on page 9.  Now I have a plausible reason to build a working wig-wag for the layout.

The model CR&NW however, having evolved into a modern heavy ore hauler, would almost certainly have block signals.  In my “alternate history” leading to the present day, the railroad underwent extensive modernization and reinvestment in the late 1940s / early 1950s.  Radio dispatch (which didn’t become widespread until the 1960s-1970s anyway) would have been nearly impossible, given the remote country and deep canyons traversed by the line.

For inspiration, let’s look to a pair of near-contemporary prototype ore haulers in the far north – the Quebec, North Shore & Labrador and the Cartier Railway (Quebec Cartier Mining or QCM).  The QNS&L was built between 1951-1954 and was equipped with CTC from the start.  The Cartier was built several years later, in 1959-1961, but it too was equipped with CTC from the start.  Clearly equipping a remote ore line of a few hundred miles in length with CTC isn’t beyond the realm of feasibility.  Plus, I have a serious fascination with signalling, so…

A Showcase Miniatures N scale searchlight signalGiven a modernization date in the 1940s/1950s, searchlight signals would have been the standard of the day. (Again, looking at the QNSL and QCM, it’s searchlights all around.)  The US&S H, H2, H5 and GRS SA were both extremely popular and were the most common type of signal installed all over the US and Canada during the 1940s through about the 1980s.  Recently they’ve been falling in record numbers, as their inherently mechanical color changing mechanism (a relay with three small color lenses) requires regular inspection, testing, and maintenance, as opposed to modern three-light heads.  The preference for searchlight type signals works out just fine with me, since they’re probably my favorite signal type and they minimize the number of wires or fibers that need to go to each head. Showcase Miniatures / Century Foundary makes an absolutely beautiful N scale searchlight kit. They’re lit with fiber optics, which allows them to be very accurate in terms of scale. (Oversized N scale signals really, really bug me…) I’d purchased a couple of their kits some time ago, so I pulled one out tonight and built it. It really is a work of art and not nearly as hard to assemble as I’d feared.  (I still have some fear of doing a double or triple head…)  I didn’t feel like breaking out the airbrush, though, so it’s unpainted for now.

The problem is then feeding light into them. Railroad signals have a unique color to them that’s often not captured by LEDs. The AREMA standards (Communications & Signals Manual, section 7.1.10 – “Chromaticity”) require green to be between 498-513nm, yellow to be between 589-597nm, and red to be 627-660nm. Very few 3-color LEDs hit this or even get close, particularly for green. One of the few that gets very close is the Bivar SMP4-SRGY. It’s a small PLCC4, with wavelengths of 525nm, 591nm, and 631nm. To my eye, it looks nearly dead on for the prototype colors. The PLCC4, while fairly small, would still look huge on the head of an N scale signal, and would need four wires running down the mast.

A board with two SMP4-SRGY leds on it for driving two searchlight headsSo, given that my signal models of choice are based around fiber optics, I created a board with two LEDs on board and holes for clip-in light pipe holders that fit perfectly over the LEDs. (The light pipes are Dialight part 515119200550F if anybody cares.) A Showcase Miniatures searchlight connected to the LED board by fiber opticsI can then drill a small hole in the light pipe and glue the fiber into it. The signal LEDs and their wiring (attached through an RJ45 jack for easy connecting) stay attached to the layout, and the signals can be installed and uninstalled with the ease of just connecting or disconnecting the fiber and light pipe.

bcol3902-and-signal.jpgonlayout.jpgGiven their fragility, the actual signals will be one of the last things installed on the layout.  I’ll build some temporaries for initial operations and testing.  The LED boards, however, will be installed as part of the signal system.  I did a temporary install (using the power of electrical tape to hold up the signal) at one of the block boundaries tonight just to see what it would look like.  In the final install, the light pipes will be painted black to eliminate leakage, but as I said earlier – wasn’t in a painting mood tonight.

Random Early Kennecott Photo

I don’t really have anything to share about progress on the railroad (my biggest achievement was stringing track power to the track from Gilahina to Strelna), but I did recently acquire an old photo of Kennecott that I’ve never seen before.  It’s clearly from the very early days, as the power plant isn’t built yet and the mill is under construction.  Thought I’d share it with y’all…

kennicott-2

Yes, there’s even more detail in the photo than the medium resolution version the thumbnail links to – you can read the text on the ends of the cars.  However, that version is huge.  If you want it, email me.

Benchwork Reaches Third Crossing

I haven’t had time to take pictures yet, but before I left for Chicago, the benchwork is now all the way through Strelna and at the northeast end of the Third Copper River Crossing (the one east of Chitina).   Unfortunately, in addition to being out of town, I’ve suffered a few other setbacks.  The 500′ spool of 14 AWG DCC bus was stolen shortly after being dropped off on my front porch by the delivery guy, so I’m out of wire for a couple days, and I’m waiting on more flex track and turnouts.  Because of those two items, it’ll be a few days until rails catch up with the benchwork, but I’m hoping by the end of March to have the upper deck mainline connected to the helix.

Pictures when I get back to Colorado.

First Train Reaches Gilahina

It’s really amazing how long it takes to do things sometimes.  I honestly hoped I’d be where I am now almost a year ago, but hey, life gets in the way, right?

At least I’m finally making progress on the mainline.  As of 1900h tonight, the first train reached Gilahina – or at least where the new Gilahina bridge will be in the future.  Sure, the electrical isn’t complete that far out (power was provided by clip leads) and there really wasn’t any complex trackwork in that stretch, but I’m still happy that I’ve finally got mainline down and can run trains more than over a few switches.